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Scientific career
From a farming family of relatively modest means, Virchow studied cows in Berlin at the military academy of Prussia on a scholarship. SUXworked as Froriep's assistant. One of his major contributions to German medical education was to encourage the use of microscopes by medical students and was known for constantly urging his students to 'think microscopically'. The campus where this Charité hospital is located is named after him, the Campus Virchow Klinikum. Read full entryThis entry is from Wikipedia,the leading user-contributed encyclopedia.It may not have been reviewed by professional editors(See full disclaimer)
- 1.Rudolf Virchow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German ... Virchow is credited with multiple significant discoveries. ...
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R
udolf_Virchow
- 2.Rudolf Virchow: Biography from Answers.com
- Rudolf Carl Virchow Rudolf Carl Virchow Library of Congress [b. Schivelbein, Pomerania (Poland), October 13, 1821, d ... of Public Health: Rudolph Virchow ...
- http://www.answers.com/topic/r
udolf-virchow
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What did Rudolph Virchow what lead him to his theory?
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Here is evrthing you need to know http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R udolph_Virchow |
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What did these scientists Help me! I cant find a
straight answer to this
question.
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1665 Robert Hooke in england began to use the compound microscope. He put thin slices of cork under the microscope and described what he saw as " air perfectly enclosed in little boxes or cells distinct from one another". (this is where the name "cell" comes from). 1676 A Dutch lens grinder and microscope maker, Anton van Leeuwenhook, saw microorganisms under the microscope when he viewed a few drops of pond water and further provided evidence of the cells. 1838 the German biologists Schleiden and Schwann advanced the idea that all organisms are made of cells. Although this was not the first time that scientists had stated such a belief, the research of these 2 biologists produced increasing amounts of evidence for this theory. for example, Schwann was the first researcher to view single yeast cells budding and producing new cells. From that time on biologists regarded the cell as the building block of life. 1859 German physician and biologist Rudolph Vichow stated that all cells divide and that is how new cells are made. |
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Does anyone know exactly what If anyone has any other
information on Virchow that
would also help a lot. I know
that Virchow helped out with
Pathology, but is there
anything else? I dont need
websites (I have a lot)- Just
info-- Thanks!!
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Virchow is credited with multiple significant discoveries. He is cited as the first to recognize leukemia. However, he is perhaps best known for his law Omnis cellula e cellula ("every cell originates from another cell") which he published in 1855. (The epigram was actually coined by François-Vincent Raspail but popularized by Virchow). This relates to his findings that not the whole organism, but only certain cells or groups of cells can become sick. Virchow is also famous for elucidating the mechanism of pulmonary thromboembolism, thus coining the term embolism. He noted that blood clots in the pulmonary artery originate first from venous thrombi, stating: "The detachment of larger or smaller fragments from the end of the softening thrombus which are carried along by the current of blood and driven into remote vessels. This gives rise to the very frequent process on which I have bestowed the name of Embolia." Related to this research Virchow has been attributed a triad describing the factors contributing to venous thrombosis, Virchow's triad. Virchow founded the medical disciplines of cellular pathology, comparative pathology (comparison of diseases common to humans and animals) and anthropology. ... By 1848 Virchow had disproved the then-prevailing view that phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) causes most diseases. He demonstrated that masses in the blood vessels resulted from "thrombosis" (his term) and that portions of a thrombus could become detached to form an "embolus" (also his term). An embolus set free in the circulation might eventually be trapped in a narrower vessel and lead to a serious lesion in the neighbouring parts. He was the first to recognise lung-and cerebral embolism. Virchow's concept of cellular pathology was initiated while he was at Würzburg. Until the latter part of the 18th century, diseases were supposed to be due to an imbalance of the four fluid humours of the body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile). This was the "humoral pathology," which dated back to the Greeks. Contrary to the humoral pathology and kraselære of the Vienna school Virchow saw the causes of disease in changes of the cells. To Virchow the body is a “cell state in which each cell is a citizen,” and he considered disease to be simply “a conflict between the citizens of the state, caused by outer forces.” He crushed the old doctrines of humors and crases, and because of this was particularly brutal in his attack on Rokitansky’s first textbook Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie (3 volumes, 1842-1846). In the second edition of this book (1855-1861) Rokitansky had removed all references to this type of speculative thinking. At Würzburg Virchow began to realize that one form of the cell theory, which postulated that every cell originated from a pre-existing cell rather than from amorphous material, could give new insight into pathological processes. In this he was influenced by the work of many others, notably by the views of John Goodsir (1814-1867) of Edinburgh on the cell as a centre of nutrition. Virchow dedicated the first edition of his Cellularpathologie to Goodsir. He was also influenced by the investigations of the German neuroanatomist and embryologist Robert Remak (1815-1865), who in 1852 was one of the first to point out that cell division accounted for the multiplication of cells to form tissues. By that year Remak had concluded that new cells arose from existing cells in diseased as well as healthy tissue. Remak's writings, however, had little influence on pathologists and medical practitioners. Thus the idea expressed by Virchow's omnis cellula e cellula ("every cell is derived from a [preexisting] cell") is not completely original. Even this aphorism is not Virchow's; it was coined by the French natural scientist and politician François Vincent Raspail (1794-1878) in 1825. But Virchow made cellular pathology into a system of overwhelming importance. His main statement of the theory was given in a series of 20 lectures in 1858. The lectures, published in 1858 as his book Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebenlehre (Cellular Pathology as Based upon Physiological and Pathological Histology), at once transformed scientific thought in the whole field of biology. Virchow shed new light on the process of inflammation, though he erroneously rejected the possibility of migration of the leukocytes (white blood cells). He distinguished between fatty infiltration and fatty degeneration, and he introduced the modern conception of amyloid (starchy) degeneration. He devoted great attention to the pathology of tumours, but the importance of his papers on malignant tumours and of his three-volume work on that subject (Die krankhaften Geschwülste, 1863-1867) was somewhat marred by his erroneous conception that malignancy results from a conversion (metaplasia) of connective tissue. His work on the role of animal parasites, especially trichina, in causing disease in humans was fundamental and led to his own public interest in meat inspection. In 1874 he introduced a standardized technique for performing autopsies, by the use of which the whole body was examined in detail, often revealing unsuspected lesions. Virchow's sceptical attitude to the new science of bacteriology was complex, based, to a large extent, on his belief that there was no single cause of disease. He resisted the idea that any germ was the sole etiological agent causing disease, and he rightly argued that the presence of a certain microorganism in a patient with a particular disease did not always indicate that that organism was the cause of the disease. He suggested, long before toxins were actually discovered, that some bacteria might produce these substances. Following his experiences in Upper Silesia, Virchow stressed a sociological theory of disease, claiming that political and socio-economic factors acted as significant predisposing factors in many ailments. He even went so far as to declare that certain epidemics arose specifically in response to some social upheavals. Virchow considered a number of diseases “artificial” or primarily caused by conditions within society and thus liable to cure or elimination through social change. As early as 1848 Virchow insisted on the constitutional right of every individual to be healthy. Society had the responsibility to provide the necessary sanitary conditions for the unhampered development of its members. In proclaiming that medicine was the highest form of human insight and the mother of all the sciences, Virchow was following in the footsteps of French social thought and also expressing a postulate of the German philosophers of nature. Although his utopian hopes for medicine as the universal science of man did not materialize, Virchow’s efforts were helpful in associating the rapidly developing natural sciences with medical concerns. His attempts to derive an ethical framework from the biological sciences laid the foundations of bioethics. |
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