...The history of Bulgaria as a separate country began in 681 AD. After Old Great Bulgaria disintegrating due to Khazar expansion from the east, one of the Bulgar leaders Asparuh crossed south of the Danube, into the territory of present-day Bulgaria, and defeated the armies of the Byzantine Empire. In 680/681, the East Roman Emperor was forced to sign a peace treaty recognizing the First Bulgarian Empire as an independent state situated on the conquered Byzantine lands with their local Slavic populations. Read full entry
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- 1.History of Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- It has been suggested that History of Bulgaria (1878–1946) be merged into this ... The history of Bulgaria as a separate country began in 681 AD. ...
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H
istory_of_Bulgaria
- 2.History of Bulgaria
- Provides a history of Bulgaria from 681 AD to the present. ... In 1018, Bulgaria fell under the authority of the Byzantine Empire. ...
- http://www.historyofnations.ne
t/europe/bulgaria.html
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What is the origin or short and why this spelling is B,
but it is pronounced by them
with a V?
also, how did the word
"vulgar" become used to
describe them? what are the
people like or have been known
for being like?
by who , initially and why so?
please explain
thanks for your answers!
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Bulgarian has a small b (Б or б) that we would pronounce as "B" as in bad, bed etc but also a capital B (В or в) pronounced as "V" in vote or vice. Bulgarians spell the name of their language "ългарски език" so the "B" pronunciation applies. I'm guessing all this relates back to the evolution of the cyrillic scripts between the influences of Latin (B=B sound) Francorum & Greek (B=V sound) Byzantium, hence ending up with a variety of scripts of up to 44 letters no doubt including phonetic likenesses of both western & eastern characters... Vulgar has much older, Latin roots than Western contacts with the Bulgarians; the "versio vulgate" bible or "common translation" dating from the 430s. |
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Bulgaria: The history of the I know that the Bulgarian flag
has three colors: white green
and red. I know that white
stands for peace, green stands
for the prosperous economy
that they have, and red stands
for the courage freedom
fighters who have fought and
died to protect their country.
BUT, the thing that i want to
know is that after which war
did the Bulgarians decide to
adopt red into their flag?
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After the war for the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire (1877-1878) |
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who are the Pomaks of |
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The Bulgarian Muslims locally called pomak, ahryan, poganets, marvak, poturnak) are Bulgarians of the Islamic faith. They are generally thought to be the descendents of Slavs who converted to Islam during Ottoman rule. Most scholars have agreed that the Muslim Bulgarians are a Religious group of Slav Bulgarians who speak Bulgarian as their mother tongue and do not understand Turkish, but whose religion and customs are Islamic. Muslim Bulgarians live mostly in the Rhodopes – Smolyan Province, the southern part of Pazardzhik and Kardzhali Provinces and the eastern part of Blagoevgrad Province in Southern Bulgaria. They also live in a group of villages in Lovech Province in Northern Bulgaria. The name Pomak is pejorative in Bulgarian and is resented by most members of the community, especially by non-practising Muslims. The name adopted and used instead is Bulgarian Muslims. Muslim Bulgarians do not represent a homogenous community. The ones living in Pirin and on the western fringes of the Rhodopes (in the provinces of Pazardzhik and Blagoevgrad) are, however, strongly religious and have preserved the Muslim name system, customs and clothing. Whereas 90% of the community has identified itself as Bulgarian. In the population census in 2001 Muslims with Bulgarian mother tongue are 124,286 but only 12,604 (10,1%) of them considered themselves Turks and 111,682 (89,9%) opted for Bulgarians. Muslim Bulgarians in the Rhodopes speak a variety of archaic Bulgarian dialects. Under the influence of mass media and school education, the dialects have been almost completely unified with standard Bulgarian among Muslim Bulgarians living in Bulgaria. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B ulgarian_Muslims The Pomaks are a Slavic people who live in the Balkan region of southern Europe. They are usually considered to be a type of Bulgarian since they speak a Bulgarian dialect, have Bulgarian features, and have cultural practices similar to the Bulgarians. They are distinguished, however, by their non-Bulgarian names and their devotion to Islam, rather than to Orthodox Christianity. The Pomaks probably converted to Islam in the 1370's. Tradition says that they did not voluntarily accept Islam, but were forced to do so. As time went by, they gradually began to adopt various Muslim customs, such as the veiling of women. The name Pomak means "people who have suffered." Throughout history, they have been considered the outcasts of Bulgarian society. In 1948, the Communists began to remove people they thought to be disloyal to their regime. By 1950, the Pomak were the new target. Eventually, 30,000 people were moved across the border into northeast Greece and Macedonia, while others immigrated into Romania. In addition to speaking Rhodope (Bulgarski), some of the Pomaks have adopted Macedonian or Greek as a second language. For many years, they lived isolated from other peoples of the area. However, during the last century, modernization has forced them to come into contact with the outside world. The Pomak economy is based on agriculture. Their major crops include rye, barley, corn, flax, potatoes, tobacco, and hemp (a fibrous plant useful for making ropes or cords). Raising animals such as cows, goats, and sheep is also very important. Pomak women are renowned for their excellent weaving abilities. Many Pomaks also earn their income as migrant workers. The Pomak diet primarily consists of bread, potatoes, and beans. They also enjoy yogurt, various cheeses, lamb, and goat meat. The Pomak farmers live in rural villages that are surrounded by their fields and pastures. Most of the people live in two-story dwellings. The upper floor is used as living quarters, while the lower floor serves as a stable for the animals. The houses were traditionally constructed of stone, wood, and clay, with sloping slate roofs. Recently, however, some Pomaks have begun to build homes out of brick or cinder block, with ceramic tile roofs. Traditionally, Pomak marriages are arranged between the families of the prospective bride and groom. The wedding occurs when the couple reaches their mid to late teens. Before marriage, the bride prepares her own dowry, which consists of household items and clothing. Although Islamic law allows a man to have as many as four wives, polygamy was never frequent among the Pomaks and is currently prohibited by Greek law. |
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