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    15th century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  • The 15th century was a bridge between the Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, ... See also: 15th century in literature and Renaissance literature ...
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    15th century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  • 15th century BC. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search ... 16th century BC · 15th century BC · 14th century BC. Decades: ...
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Questions/Answers
What were some 15th centuryeuropean clothing?
I need names of clothes people from the 15th century would've worn on a journy over seas in search of gold or silver. I'll be drawing a picture of it, so I'll need to know from feet to head. How did they keep their hair? Did rich and poor have much different clothing? I need middle-upper class clothing, people who could afford to go exploring. Also, if you could, what did the commonly take on trips like this? Were maps accurate? Thank you for the help!
Christopher Columbus was a 15th century explorer and navigator. These pictures give an idea of clothes worn for seafaring at that time: http://www.dkimages.com/discov er/DKIMAGES/Discover/Home/Hist ory/Exploration/Christopher-Co lumbus/Christopher-Columbus-06 .html There are 59 pictures. Just scroll through them. As for maps, although there were a number of early maps, the 15th to 17th centuries were a period of exploration and mapping the world in detail. Early world maps: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A ncient_world_maps http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E rdapfel The Erdapfel (German: potato, lit. earth apple) produced by Martin Behaim in 1492 is considered to be one of the first terrestrial globes ever made. It is constructed of a metal ball overlaid with a map painted by Georg Glockendon. The Americas are not included, as Columbus returned to Spain no sooner than March 1493. The globe shows an enlarged Eurasian continent and an empty ocean between Europe and Asia. The mythical island of Saint Brendan is included. Japan and Asian islands are disproportionately large.
What new knowledge andtechnologies enabled 15thcentury mariners to make longoverseas voyages?
What new knowledge and technologies enabled 15th century mariners to make long overseas voyages? Where did much of this technology originate?
Columbus and Dead Reckoning (DR) navigation At the end of the fifteenth century, celestial navigation was just being developed in Europe, primarily by the Portuguese. Prior to the development of celestial navigation, sailors navigated by "deduced" (or "dead") reckoning, hereafter called DR. This was the method used by Columbus and most other sailors of his era. In DR, the navigator finds his position by measuring the course and distance he has sailed from some known point. Starting from a known point, such as a port, the navigator measures out his course and distance from that point on a chart, pricking the chart with a pin to mark the new position. Each day's ending position would be the starting point for the next day's course-and-distance measurement. In order for this method to work, the navigator needs a way to measure his course, and a way to measure the distance sailed. Course was measured by a magnetic compass, which had been known in Europe since at least 1183. Distance was determined by a time and speed calculation: the navigator multiplied the speed of the vessel (in miles per hour) by the time traveled to get the distance. In Columbus's day, the ship's speed was measured by throwing a piece of flotsam over the side of the ship. There were two marks on the ship's rail a measured distance apart. When the flotsam passed the forward mark, the pilot would start a quick chant, and when it passed the aft mark, the pilot would stop chanting. (The exact words to such a chant are part of a lost oral tradition of medieval navigation). The pilot would note the last syllable reached in the chant, and he had a mnemonic that would convert that syllable into a speed in miles per hour. This method would not work when the ship was moving very slowly, since the chant would run to the end before the flotsam had reached the aft mark. Speed (and distance) was measured every hour. The officer of the watch would keep track of the speed and course sailed every hour by using a toleta, or traverse board. This was a peg-board with holes radiating from the center along every point of the compass. The peg was moved from the center along the course traveled, for the distance made during that hour. After four hours, another peg was used to represent the distance made good in leagues during the whole watch. At the end of the day, the total distance and course for the day was transferred to the chart. Columbus was the first sailor (that we know of) who kept a detailed log of his voyages, but only the log of the first voyage survives in any detail. It is by these records that we know how Columbus navigated, and how we know that he was primarily a DR navigator. Since DR is dependent upon continuous measurements of course and distance sailed, we should expect that any log kept by a DR navigator would have these records; and this is exactly what Columbus's log looks like. If Columbus had been a celestial navigator, we would expect to see continuous records of celestial observations; but Columbus's log does not show such records during either of the transatlantic portions of the first voyage. It has been supposed by some scholars that Columbus was a celestial navigator anyway, and kept his celestial records hidden for some unknown reason. (This supposition is necessary to support some theories of the first landfall.) But this hypothesis does not hold water. Columbus's ships were steered by helmsmen at a tiller, below the quarterdeck. The helmsmen could not see the sky, so the only way they could keep a course was by magnetic compass. The officer of the deck had his own compass, and would call down course changes as necessary. This means that the courses used aboard ship (and in the log) would have been magnetic courses. Now suppose that Columbus was making unrecorded celestial checks on his latitude as he sailed west on his first voyage. In that case, as magnetic variation pulled his course southward from true west, he would have noticed the discrepancy from his celestial observations, and he would have corrected it. In other words, if Columbus were a celestial navigator, we would expect to see a series of small intermittent course corrections in order to stay at a celestially determined latitude. These corrections should occur about every three or four days, perhaps more often. But that is not what the log shows. On the first voyage westbound, Columbus sticks doggedly to his (magnetic) westward course for weeks at a time. Only three times does Columbus depart from this course: once because of contrary winds, and twice to chase false signs of land southwest. In none of these cases does he show any desire to return to a celestially-determined latitude. This argument is a killer for the celestial hypothesis, and was first made by Rear Admiral Bob McNitt (USN) in 1992. Well then, could Columbus have corrected his compasses by checking them against the stars -- and thus avoid the need for course correc
What economic developments ledto a shift in focus fromsouthern to northern europe inthe 15th-17th century?
AP Euro: European Society was focused around the Mediterranean Region in the 15th century, what economic developments led to a shift in focus from the South to the North by the 17th century? I'm not asking for anyone to do this for me, I just need some ideas please.
gold and prostitutes
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